{Prior to 12/22/2015 There was a short discussion involving 'nothing' that may not have been accurate and moreover there are disagreements among cosmologists how 'nothing; should be defined. It has been deleted.}
Second Law of Thermodynamics is that for natural processes entropy tends to increase. By entropy is meant disorder and highly related to entropy is information content.
{ Page 321, 324 God and the Multiverse 2014 by Physicist Victor Stenger - Our universe began from a tiny sphere of total chaos. The universe was in a state of complete disorder or maximum entropy. Page 310 "While empty of particles, quantum fluctuations in vacuum energy density or, if you prefer, the curvature of space-time, caused the sphere to expand and contract. At some unknown time, usually taken at about 10^(-35) second, a positive fluctuation was large enough to trigger inflation."}
Some Theologians may even argue this is the ‘chaos’ that G-d worked with in creating our Universe. Genesis 1:2 Now the earth was 'unformed and void' [= 'chaos'] , and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God hovered over the face of the waters. For more on Genesis 1:1-2 see Kalam Cosmological Argument Repudiated By Theology However, Genesis is speaking of a Earthly watery chaos so the theology is an attempt to retroactively fit Genesis into some models of scientific cosmology which speak of a Universe arising from ‘nothing’.
But after the Big Bang occurs how could order form ? Would that not violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics ? Does this not require a G-d to intervene and create order ? My response based on page 323 God and the Multiverse 2014 by Physicist Victor Stenger : As the universe is expanding the initial maximum entropy is also increasing. In other words the maximum allowable entropy today is much larger than the maximum entropy about 14 Billion years ago. With such a large entropy, order can form in certain parts of the Universe as long as the entropy of the universe as a whole has not been reduced. Thus no violation of Thermodynamics has occurred.
From Black holes, Tides, and Curved Spacetime: Understanding Gravity by Benjamin Schumacher 2013
Beginning on page 164 he asks How did we get the complexity we see today out of a uniform early universe ? He answers Gravity. Gravity caused local parts of the Universe to contract and heat up, for galaxies to form and within them stars. The Second Law of Thermodynamics was not and is not violated because entropy can decrease in one place as long as it increases someplace else. Yet the universe seems more ordered now than it did initially. Does this mean gravity itself made entropy decrease ? He answers no. Because of Gravity smaller and hotter can sometimes mean a higher entropy than larger and cooler. “In other words, Gravity can change the entropy equation so that a less uniform distribution of matter and energy is actually favored by the Second law of Thermodynamics.” ; “Because of gravity, a smooth and early universe can develop into the clumpy and varied universe we live in. Because of gravity, increasing clumpiness can also increase entropy. That fact about gravity is the ultimate reason for the order and complexity around us.”
{Page 35 Quantum Field Theory In A Nutshell by A. Zee 2003. "The universal attraction of gravity produces an instability that drives the formation of structure in the early universe."}
I will conclude - this discussion also repudiates the Argument from Design. Gravity itself can be the reason for order as opposed to an active intelligent Designer.
Also see additional and related discussion in my posts
Proof of God from Design,
Proof of God from Origin of Life,
Kalam Cosmological Proof of God - Premises and Conclusion repudiated 6/11/14, includes Laws of nature from God ?
Proof of God from Big Bang 9/8/13
Genesis and the Big Bang 9/10/13 Some discrepancies between Genesis and modern cosmology and why they are irreconcilable in intellectually honest manner.
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